10 things to know about this disease

An outbreak of Streptococcus pyogenes in the country has health system authorities on alert. According to the Ministry of Health, they are reporting an acceleration of infection with the disease, which can evolve from pharyngeal tonsillitis into a more serious illness.

Despite warnings of small outbreaks since the first half of the year, cases have increased in the last two weeks. Fifteen days ago 382 cases of infection, 487 of them, and 78 of 64 deaths were recorded.

Essentials to know about Streptococcus pyogenes

What is Streptococcus pyogenes?

It is a group A bacterium that is usually found on mucous membranes, throat or skin. It can cause diseases such as pharyngitis or skin diseases. In most cases, it is not malignant, but it can be altered if the bacteria develops a genetic mutation or the infected patient has a weak immune system or suffers from a disease.

How is Streptococcus pyogenes spread?

Streptococcus pyogenes can be spread from person to person through respiratory droplets or contact with infected skin. Preventing infection includes washing your hands frequently, covering your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze, and avoiding contact with sick people. Asymptomatic carriers of the bacteria are much less contagious.

What is Group A Invasive Disease?

Invasive disease is a serious infection that can be fatal. The bacteria in these cases attack fatty tissue, deep muscles, blood, or lungs. The most common invasive diseases in group A are: bacteremia, meningitis, septic arthritis, necrotizing fasciitis, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, the latter two being the most severe but also the least common.

What is the incidence of invasive group A streptococcal disease?

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that there are 500 to 1,500 cases each year of necrotizing fasciitis, a soft tissue infection that causes necrosis or tissue death, and 2,000 to 3,000 cases of toxic shock syndrome, a disease that can cause Serious disease of organ failure.

Why does invasive group A streptococcal disease occur?

This type of infection occurs when bacteria penetrate an infected person’s defense system. The reasons why some breeds cause more severe disease are not fully understood, but may be related to the production of substances (toxins) that cause shock and damage to organs, as well as enzymes that cause tissue destruction.

Who is most at risk for group A strep disease?

Few people who are exposed to the bacteria develop this invasive disease. Most only cause skin or throat infections. However, people with cancer, diabetes, or those on kidney dialysis, as well as those who use medications such as steroids, may develop aggressive disease.

Should those who have been in contact with an infected person receive treatment?

The risk is lower for people who have casual contact with someone with invasive disease. Generally speaking, if the contact is in good health, you only need to be concerned about possible symptoms of infection. On the other hand, people with more exposure should consult their doctor as to whether prophylactic antibiotic treatment is necessary.

How to prevent infection?

Steps can be taken to reduce the risk of contracting invasive diseases. For example, if you have a positive diagnosis of the disease, wash your hands often with soap and water, cover your mouth, and avoid contact.

What are the first symptoms of necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock syndrome?

The first signs and symptoms of necrotizing fasciitis include fever, severe pain, and swelling and redness of the wound area. Early symptoms of shock may include fever, dizziness, confusion, low blood pressure, rash, and abdominal pain.