September 17, 2023
it’s known arbovirus A variety of viruses transmitted to humans or other vertebrates by certain blood-sucking arthropods, esp. insect (flies and mosquitoes) and arachnids (check).
In fact, arboviruses are not part of the current virus classification system, which is based on the nature and structure of their viral genomes. There are a large number of arboviruses that affect humans and animals around the world. More than 250 species have been described worldwide. At least 80 species are capable of causing disease in humans.
main family Arboviruses belong to:
- Bunyaviridae (Includes bunyaviruses, sandfly viruses, naroviruses, and hantaviruses) (Baltimore Class V)
- Togaviridae (Alphavirus) (Baltimore Level IV)
- Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) (vector: mosquito Aedes mosquito) Incubation period: 1-14 days
- O’nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) (vector: mosquito Anopheles mosquito) Incubation period: 2-12 days
- Ross River virus (vector: mosquito Aedes mosquito and Culex mosquito) Incubation period: 7-9 days
- Sindbis virus (vector: mosquito Culex mosquito and culiceta) Incubation period: 2-12 days
- Mayaro virus (MAYV) (vector: mosquito Hemorrhagic bacteria) Incubation period: 1-12 days
- Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus (vector: mosquito Culex mosquito, culiceta and Aedes mosquito) Incubation period: 7-10 days
- Western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus (vector: mosquito Culex mosquito and culiceta)
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) (Vector: AAedes, Culex, Psorophora ferox) Incubation period: 2-5 days
- Flaviviridae (includes flaviviruses only)
- Orthomyxoviridae (including Sogoto virus)
- Thogoto virus (vector: tick)
- Dhori virus (vector: tick)
- Reoviridae (includes colonoviruses and circoviruses)
- Bluetongue virus (vector: mosquito)
- Colorado fever virus (vector: tick)
- Lipovnik virus (LIPV) (vector: tick)
- Tribec virus (vector: tick)
- Eyach virus (vector: tick)
- African horse disease virus
- epidemic hemorrhagic disease virus
- equine encephalopathy virus
- Banna virus
- Asfaviridae
Baltimore Ranking
It is a system used to classify viruses based on their genetic material and method of replication.It was discovered by American biologist David Baltimore in 1971 And viruses are divided into seven main groups, called I to VII. It is useful for understanding the biology and replication of viruses and has implications for how therapeutic strategies and vaccines are developed.It is based on the following characteristics
First group:Virus double stranded DNA (dsDNA): These viruses have double-stranded DNA genomes and replicate their DNA in the nucleus of the host cell. Examples include herpes viruses and varicella-zoster virus.
Second Group:Virus single stranded DNA (ssDNA): These viruses have single-stranded DNA genomes that require synthesis of complementary strands before replicating. Examples include parvovirus.
The third group:Virus double stranded RNA (dsRNA): These viruses have double-stranded RNA genomes and replicate their RNA in the cytoplasm of the host cell. Examples include reovirus.
Fourth group:Virus Positive single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA): These viruses have single-stranded RNA genomes with positive polarity that can be directly used as mRNA for protein synthesis. Examples include the common cold virus and hepatitis C virus.
Group 5:Virus negative single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA): These viruses have single-stranded RNA genomes with negative polarity that require synthesis of complementary strands before replication. Examples include influenza viruses and Ebola viruses.
The sixth group:Virus double-stranded sense RNA (ssRNA-RT): These viruses have a single-stranded RNA genome with positive polarity, but they use reverse transcriptase (RT) to replicate their RNA through a DNA intermediate stage. Examples include HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and other retroviruses.
Group 7:Virus reverse double stranded DNA (dsDNA-RT): These viruses have double-stranded DNA genomes that use reverse transcriptase (RT) to replicate their DNA. Examples include hepatitis B virus and some endogenous retroviruses.