Both respiratory viruses are associated with an increased risk of death, and They negatively impact different organ systems as well as overall health. Both viruses can overload health systems from time to time.
Initially, Covid-19 was considered “Another flu” disappears as the first wave of infections arrives. Wave after wave of infections, and vaccine after vaccine, the impact of Covid-19 is “waning”, at least among a large proportion of the population.
A previous comparative analysis of patients admitted to hospital with Covid-19 and influenza assessed the risk of death and readmission within 6 months of infection, as well as a range of health outcomes.
So far, the long-term effects have not been assessed.
A team of researchers from Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Located in St. Louis, USA, The acute and long-term risks and impacts of hospital admission for Covid-19 or seasonal influenza were assessed across a range of comprehensive health outcomes.
For this cohort study, they used the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs healthcare database.
They analyzed data from 81,280 participants admitted to hospital with Covid-19 between March 1, 2020 and June 30, 2022 (the last part has been circulated with Ómicron), Between October 1, 2015, and February 28, 2019, 10,985 participants were hospitalized with seasonal influenza (they will need more time to collect sufficient numbers).
They followed the participants for 18 months to compare the two diseases.
During the 18-month follow-up period, compared with seasonal influenza, the results were as follows:
The risk of death from Covid-19 is higher, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.51 (i.e. 51% higher).
The Covid-19 group had a higher mortality rate of 8.62 per 100 people compared to the influenza group.
After comparing 94 prespecified health outcomes, they found:
Analysis of organ systems showed an increased risk of Covid-19 affecting all organ systems except the pulmonary system, with a higher risk from seasonal influenza.
The cumulative rates of adverse health outcomes across all organ systems were 615.18 cases per 100 people in Covid-19 and 536.90 cases per 100 people in seasonal influenza, equivalent to an excess rate of 78.72 cases per 100 people in Covid-19. 19.
The total number of DALYs across all organ systems was 287.43 per 100 people in the Covid-19 group and 242.66 per 100 people in the seasonal influenza group.
This is equivalent to an increase of 45.03 DALYs per 100 people in the Covid-19 group.
The concept of DALY (Disability Adjusted Life Year) refers to the number of years of life lost and disabled due to the presence of disease in a population.
In Spanish we talk about DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years).
The analysis shows that the burden of health losses from Covid-19 and seasonal influenza is greater after the acute phase than during the acute phase.
In contrast, except for the pulmonary system, Covid-19 imposes a greater burden of health losses on all other organ systems during the acute and post-acute phases than seasonal influenza.
Covid-19 also carries a higher risk of readmission to hospital (excess rate of 20.50 per 100 people) and admission to intensive care (excess rate of 9.23 per 100 people) compared with seasonal flu.
These results are consistent with analyzes comparing seasonal influenza and Covid-19 risks based on individuals’ respective vaccination status, as well as analyzes of hospital admissions in the pre-Delta, Delta and Omicron eras.
Not only are mortality and adverse health outcomes higher after hospital admission for seasonal influenza or Covid-19, but this comparative analysis shows that admission to hospital for Covid-19 is associated with an increased risk of long-term death and outcomes with adverse health effects in nearly all organs systems (except the pulmonary system).
Additionally, Covid-19 is associated with significantly higher cumulative overdoses DALYs, readmissions, and intensive care utilization rates were higher compared with seasonal influenza.
Both viruses can take a huge toll on health. This will require efforts to prevent hospitalizations from these viruses and improve care for people who suffer long-term health effects from seasonal influenza or SARS-CoV-2 infection.
(1). https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(23)00684-9/fulltext#%20
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