Food Poisoning vs. Stomach Flu: Know the Difference

Author: Dr. Dhiraj Bhattad

NEW DELHI — The changing seasons bring a unique set of challenges, one of which is an increased risk of gastrointestinal issues like stomach flu and food poisoning. While they may share some symptoms, it’s important to recognize the difference between the stomach flu and food poisoning. This article will equip you with the knowledge to differentiate between the two and seek appropriate care if needed.

Stomach flu (viral gastroenteritis)

Gastrointestinal flu, more accurately known as viral gastroenteritis, is primarily caused by a viral infection. Viruses such as norovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus are common culprits in cases of stomach flu. These viruses are highly contagious and can be spread in a variety of ways, including direct contact with an infected person, eating contaminated food or water, or touching a contaminated surface and then touching your mouth. Stomach flu gets its name because it causes inflammation in the stomach and intestines. It’s important to remember that the stomach flu is different from the flu or seasonal flu, which affects the respiratory system.

food poisoning

Food poisoning, on the other hand, is caused by consuming contaminated food or liquids. Contamination can come from harmful bacteria, parasites, toxins or chemicals. This contamination can occur during food production, processing or handling. Some bacteria notorious for food poisoning include salmonella, E. coli, and campylobacter. Symptoms of food poisoning occur as a result of your body’s reaction to these harmful microorganisms and the toxins they produce.

Recognize the symptoms

Stomach flu: Stomach flu usually presents with a range of symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and occasionally a low-grade fever. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and varies in intensity, but usually subsides within a few days.

Food Poisoning: Food poisoning can present with a variety of symptoms, depending largely on the specific contaminants ingested. Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (which may sometimes be bloody), abdominal pain, fever, and muscle aches. Unlike the stomach flu, which usually comes on quickly, food poisoning symptoms may not appear hours or even days after eating contaminated food.

Main differences

Onset and duration: Stomach flu tends to come on suddenly, with symptoms appearing relatively soon after exposure to the virus. However, these symptoms usually disappear within a few days (1 to 3 days). Food poisoning symptoms, on the other hand, may appear hours or days after eating contaminated food and last anywhere from a few hours to a few days.

Fever: While both the stomach flu and food poisoning can cause fever, food poisoning is more common, especially when bacteria are the underlying cause.

Nature of Vomiting and Diarrhea: Vomiting and diarrhea associated with gastrointestinal flu are usually watery and less severe than those associated with food poisoning. With food poisoning, these symptoms can be severe, accompanied by significant discomfort and, in some cases, blood in the stool.

When to seek medical advice

Stomach flu: In most cases of stomach flu, medical intervention may not be needed. Getting enough rest, staying hydrated, and eating simple, easy-to-digest foods can help manage the condition. However, talk to your doctor if you have severe symptoms, persistent vomiting, signs of dehydration (such as dry mouth, dark urine, or dizziness), or if your symptoms don’t improve within a few days.

Food Poisoning: Cases of food poisoning may require medical attention, especially if symptoms are severe or last long. Severe symptoms, including persistent vomiting, high fever, severe abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, or signs of dehydration, should not be ignored. Some cases of food poisoning may require antibiotics or other medical intervention, e.g. Intravenous fluids are given, so seeking medical attention is critical for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Prevent stomach flu and food poisoning

Maintaining good hygiene is crucial to preventing stomach flu and food poisoning. Wash your hands thoroughly before handling food or eating, avoid eating undercooked or raw foods, and choose clean, safe drinking water. Proper storage, handling and cooking of food can significantly reduce the risk of these preventable food infections.

While stomach flu and food poisoning may present themselves during the monsoon season, it is important to remember that they are different entities with different causes and characteristics. By understanding its origins, symptoms, and potential severity, you can make informed decisions about self-care and when to seek medical attention. Emphasizing preventive measures like proper hygiene and safe food handling are the cornerstones of protecting yourself and your loved ones from these uncomfortable and avoidable health problems.

(Dr Dhiraj Bhattad is consultant internal medicine, HN Reliance Foundation Hospital) (IANS)