he hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer), also known as primary liver cancerRepresents the most common types liver cancer and pose a major medical challenge worldwide. It develops from hepatocytes, the main functional unit of the liver. liver Plays a vital role in protein synthesis, nutrient metabolism, detoxification and bile production.
he hepatocellular carcinoma Often closely associated with chronic disease liveras Cirrhosis and chronic hepatitisespecially those caused by viral infections (e.g. hepatitis B and C), fatty liver disease (MAFLD) associated with excessive and chronic alcohol consumption and metabolic dysfunction.This type liver cancer It often appears late, making early detection and effective treatment difficult.
From an epidemiological perspective, hepatocellular carcinoma It has a global distribution and is more frequent in areas with high incidence hepatitis B and C, such as Asia and Africa. However, this number is also increasing in developed countries due to factors such as population growth. hepatitis C. Disease fatty liver Associated with metabolic dysfunction.Although he primary liver cancer It can affect people of all ages and is more common in older people.
clinical manifestations hepatocellular carcinoma may vary, making early detection difficult. Symptoms may include weight loss, fatigue, abdominal pain, and fever. However, in the early stages, symptoms may be subtle or even non-existent. This makes diagnosis challenging and highlights the importance of screening.
diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma It is based on a combination of evidence. Blood tests such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT and MRI are key tools in confirming the diagnosis.and performing biopsies in special circumstances tumor.Screening is critical for early detection primary liver cancer.High-risk groups, such as people with Cirrhosis anyone chronic hepatitis, they must undergo regular screening.Alpha-fetoprotein and ultrasound testing are used for detection cancer In the early stages, this is when treatment options are most effective.
treat hepatocellular carcinoma May vary depending on stage cancer, the patient’s overall health and other personal factors. when. . .when cancer If caught early and localized to the liver, your doctor may recommend surgical removal tumor.In some cases, when liver Unable to function due to previous injury, transplant liver Can be considered; however, organ availability is limited and not all patients are candidates.for tumor For small ones, there are methods such as thermal ablation, among which cancer cell Use controlled heat. Another option is to block the arteries that feed the tumor to reduce its supply of blood and nutrients.
Likewise, some drugs are designed to directly attack cancer cell and stimulate the immune system to fight cancerExamples include lenvatinib and immunotherapy. In advanced cases, palliative care may be provided to improve the patient’s quality of life. The treatment used depends on a variety of factors and should be discussed with a professional multidisciplinary medical team.
In summary, primary liver cancer it is liver cancer Same as global distribution. Understanding risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, screening options, and emerging treatments is critical to addressing this disease.Early detection and innovative treatments are improving patients’ prospects Hepatocellular carcinoma.