Antiretroviral treatment cohort C. Survival among HIV-positive patients initiating antiretroviral therapy between 1996 and 2013: a collaborative analysis of cohort studies. Lancet HIV. 2017;4(8):e349–56.
Overall life expectancy among people living with HIV increased, but the number of comorbidity-free years did not. https://www.croiconference.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/resources/2020/program-information/croi2020-program-and-information-guide.pdf.
Pourcher V, Gourmelen J, Bureau I, Bouee S. Comorbidities among people living with HIV: an epidemiological and economic analysis using a French claims database. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0243529.
Roomaney RA, van Wyk B, Pillay-van Wyk V: HIV aging: older adults are at increased risk for HIV comorbidities. International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health 2022, 19(4).
Owe-Larsson B, Sall L, Salamon E, Allgulander C. HIV infection and mental illness. Afr J Psychiatry(Johannesbg). 2009;12(2):115–28.
Thakur KT, Buble A, Thaler D, Das M, Bearden DR, Birkbeck GL. Global HIV neurology: a comprehensive review. AIDS. 2019;33(2):163–84.
Wang Y, Liu M, Lu Q, Farrell M, Lappin JM, Shi J, Lu L, Bao Y. Global prevalence and burden of HIV-related neurocognitive disorders: a meta-analysis. Neurology. 2020;95(19):e2610–21.
Wei J, Hou J, Su B, Jiang T, Guo C, Wang W, Zhang Y, Chang B, Wu H, Zhang T. Prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) based on Frascati criteria among HIV-infected adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Proneurol. 2020;11:581346.
Banerjee N, McIntosh RC, Ironson G. Neurocognitive impairment and mortality in HIV patients: assessing the prognostic value of the HIV-dementia scale. AIDS behavior. 2019;23(12):3482–92.
Heaton RK, Franklin DR, Ellis RJ, McCutchan JA, Letendre SL, Leblanc S, Corkran SH, Duarte NA, Clifford DB, Woods SP, et al. HIV-related neurocognitive impairment before and during combination antiretroviral therapy: differences in incidence, nature, and predictors. J Neurovirus. 2011;17(1):3-16.
Ian E, Gwen CL, Soo CT, Melissa C, Chun-Kai H, Eosu K, Hyo-Youl K, Asad K, Scott L, Chung-Ki LP, et al. Burden of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and screening recommendations in Asia and the Pacific. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;22:182–9.
Valcour V, Chalermchai T, Sailasuta N, Marovich M, Lerdlum S, Suttichom D, Suwanwela NC, Jagodzinski L, Michael N, Spudich S, et al. Central nervous system viral invasion and inflammation during acute HIV infection. J Infectious diseases. 2012;206(2):275–82.
Rahimy E, Li FY, Hagberg L, Fuchs D, Robertson K, Meyerhoff DJ, Zetterberg H, Price RW, Gisslen M, Spudich S. Blood-brain barrier disruption is initiated during primary HIV infection and is not induced by anti- Retroviral therapy changes rapidly. J Infectious diseases. 2017;215(7):1132–40.
Chan FCC, Chan P, Chan I, Chan A, Tang THC, Lam W, Fong WC, Lee MP, Li P, Chan GHF. Cognitive screening among untreated HIV-infected people in Hong Kong—a single-center study. BMC infections. 2019;19(1):156.
Cysique LA, Letendre SL, Ake C, Jin H, Franklin DR, Gupta S, Shi C, Yu X, Wu Z, Abramson IS, et al. Incidence and nature of cognitive decline over one year in Chinese HIV-infected former plasma donors. AIDS. 2010;24(7):983–90.
Gupta S, Williams B, Montaner J. Recognizing the potential of treatment as prevention: Global ART policy and treatment coverage. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 2014;11(4):479–86.
Ellis RJ, Badiee J, Vaida F, Letendre S, Heaton RK, Clifford D, Collier AC, Gelman B, McArthur J, Morgello S, et al. CD4 nadir is a predictor of HIV neurocognitive impairment in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2011;25(14):1747–51.
Walker KA, Brown GG. HIV-related executive dysfunction in the modern era of antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2018;40(4):357–76.
Yusuf AJ, Hassan A, Mamman AI, Muktar HM, Suleiman AM, Baiyewu O. Prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) among patients attending tertiary care facilities in northern Nigeria. J Int Assoc provides HIV care. 2017;16(1):48–55.
Wright EJ, Grund B, Cysique LA, Robertson KR, Brew BJ, Collins G, Shlay JC, Winston A, Read TR, Price RW, et al. Factors associated with baseline neurocognitive test performance: a substudy of the INSIGHT Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment (START) trial. HIV Medicine. 2015;16(Suppl 1):97–108.
McCutchan JA, Marquie-Beck JA, Fitzsimons CA, Letendre SL, Ellis RJ, Heaton RK, Wolfson T, Rosario D, Alexander TJ, Marra C, et al. The role of obesity, metabolic variables, and diabetes in HIV-related neurocognitive impairment. Neurology. 2012;78(7):485–92.
McCombe JA, Vivithanaporn P, Gill MJ, Power C. Predictors of symptomatic HIV-related neurocognitive impairment in universal health care. HIV Med 2013;14(2):99–107.
Fabbiani M, Ciccarelli N, Castelli V, Soria A, Borghetti A, Colella E, Moschese D, Valsecchi M, Emiliozzi A, Gori A, et al. Hepatitis C virus-related factors are associated with cognitive performance in HIV-HCV coinfected patients. J Neurovirus. 2019;25(6):866–73.
Winston A, Spudich S. Cognitive impairment in HIV-infected individuals. Lancet HIV. 2020;7(7):e504–13.
Perzin LE, Fleishman JA. Is ambulatory care associated with lower utilization of inpatient and emergency care? Analysis of people living with HIV. Emerg Med 2003;10(11):1228–38.
Nau DPJS, VA: Pharmacy Quality Alliance: Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) as the preferred method of measuring medication adherence. 2012 at 06:25.
Chieh Yu Liu, Yunh Tai Hung, Yi Li Chuang, Yi Ju Chen, Wen Shun Weng, Jih Shin Liu, Kung Yee Liang: Incorporating Taiwan’s township development stratification into a sampling design for a large-scale health interview survey. 2006, 4(1): 1-22.
Catan MW. Nomograms outperform staging and risk grouping systems to identify high-risk patients: Preoperative application in prostate cancer. Current Urological Opinion. 2003;13(2):111–6.
Cai YT, Chen YC, Xie CY, Ke WC, Ke NY. Incidence of neurological diseases among HIV-infected patients under universal health care in Taiwan from 2000 to 2010. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017;75(5):509–16.
Wright MJ, Woo E, Foley J, Ettenhofer ML, Cottingham ME, Gooding AL, Jang J, Kim MS, Castellon SA, Miller EN, et al. Antiretroviral adherence and the nature of HIV-related verbal memory impairment. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2011;23(3):324–31.
Obermet LC, Morgan EE, Casaleto KB, Grant I, Woods SP. HIVNRP group: Antiretroviral drug nonadherence is associated with retrieval characteristics of verbal episodic memory deficits. Clinical Neuropsychology. 2015;29(2):197–213.
Lovden M, Fratiglioni L, Glymour MM, Lindenberger U, Tucker-Drob EM. Education and cognitive functioning across the lifespan. Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 2020;21(1):6–41.
Kariuki W, Manuel JI, Kariuki N, Tuchman E, O’Neal J, Lalanne GA. HIV and smoking: associated risks and prevention strategies. HIV (Auckl). 2016;8:17-36.
Ma Q, Vaida F, Wong J, Sanders CA, Kao YT, Croteau D, Clifford DB, Collier AC, Gelman BB, Marra CM, et al. Long-term use of efavirenz is associated with poorer neurocognitive function in HIV-infected individuals. J Neurovirus. 2016;22(2):170–8.
Mollan KR, Smurzynski M, Eron JJ, Daar ES, Campbell TB, Sax PE, Gulick RM, Na L, O’Keefe L, Robertson KR, et al. Association between efavirenz as initial treatment for HIV-1 infection and increased risk of suicidal ideation or attempt or suicide: analysis of trial data. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161(1):1–10.
The relationship between education, income, economic freedom, and happiness. https://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2020/03/shsconf_ichtml_2020_03004.pdf.
Carlson R, McChesney CJTE: Income sustainability through educational attainment. 2015, 4(1).
Uwishema O, Ayoub G, Badri R, Onyeaka H, Berjaoui C, Karabulut E, Anis H, Sammour C, Mohammed Yagoub FEA, Chalhoub E. Neurological disorders in HIV: Despite challenges, there is hope. Immunoinflammatory diseases. 2022;10(3):e591.
Kranick SM, Nath A. Neurological complications of HIV-1 infection and their treatment in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Continuum (Minneapolis, MN). 2012;18(6 Infectious Diseases):1319–37.
Weber E, Morgan EE, Iudicello JE, Blackstone K, Grant I, Ellis RJ, Letendre SL, Little S, Morris S, Smith DM, et al. Substance use is a risk factor for neurocognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric distress in acute and early HIV infection. J Neurovirus. 2013;19(1):65–74.
Simpson DM, Haidich AB, Schifitto G, Yiannoutsos CT, Geraci AP, MacArthur JC, Katzenstein DA. Teams such as: Severity of HIV-associated neuropathy correlates with plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. AIDS. 2002;16(3):407–12.
Hinkin CH, Castellon SA, Durvasula RS, Hardy DJ, Lam MN, Mason KI, Thrasher D, Goetz MB, Stefaniak M. Medication adherence in HIV+ adults: Impact of cognitive impairment and treatment regimen complexity. Neurology. 2002;59(12):1944–50.
Weikum D. Neurocognitive impairment affects HIV medication adherence. 2016.
Google Scholar