Survey on Helicobacter pylori infection rate and analysis of related risk factors in Hainan Province (graduate thesis) – Chinese Dissertation Consulting Network BMC Gastroenterology

This study is the first to examine the prevalence of: Helicobacter pylori Hainan Province, China, and its associated risk factors.We use 14C-UBT to detect Helicobacter pylori People aged 14 and above are infected.The results showed that the overall prevalence Helicobacter pylori The infection rate in Hainan Province is 38.7%, which is significantly lower than the overall prevalence rate in China of 44.2% (95% CI: 43.0-45.5%), which is in line with the global trend of continued decline in infection rates. Helicobacter pylori infection in recent years (6, 7). This is inseparable from China’s high economic growth, high level of universal health coverage, and improved public health conditions (17).However, we also noted that only 9.7% (355/3632) had previously received Helicobacter pylori Screening and eradication treatment.This observation demonstrates that good scientific knowledge Helicobacter pylori May help raise awareness Helicobacter pylori and alleviate the current situation Helicobacter pylori Infect.

Prevalence Helicobacter pylori The study found that infection rates increased sharply with age but leveled off among middle-aged and older people over 45. This result is similar to the results of many large-scale epidemiological surveys in China (9, 10). There may be two possible reasons to explain these findings. On the one hand, China’s rapid economic and health development in the past two decades has resulted in relatively few disease-related risk factors. Helicobacter pylori Young people are exposed, which significantly reduces the risk of infection. On the other hand, the gastric environment of middle-aged and elderly people is relatively unstable and the body’s resistance is weak, which is conducive to bacterial colonization. Helicobacter pylori. However, there is no conclusive evidence regarding the possible relationship between sex and gender. Helicobacter pylori

Infect. For example, in a study by Moshkowitz et al.suggestion Helicobacter pylori Colonization on the gastric mucosa is more likely to occur in women (18), but our study did not find a significant correlation between sex and gender. Helicobacter pylori infection, this finding is consistent with the conclusions of several previous studies (8, 9).

Occupation is an important influencing factor Helicobacter pylori infection, which is consistent with previous studies (8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19). It is generally believed that occupational groups working in agriculture are at a relatively higher risk of contracting HIV. Helicobacter pylori Infection, multiple causes may be involved to explain this finding. First, farmers generally have low levels of education and often have poor hygiene habits and lifestyles; second, these people often have lower socioeconomic status and have limited access to medical resources. Helicobacter pylori Screening and eradication treatment.Furthermore, we found regional differences in epidemic Helicobacter pylori The infection rate is high in Hainan Province, and the infection rate is significantly higher in economically developed areas (such as Haikou City) Helicobacter pylori Compared with economically backward areas such as Wuzhishan City, the infection rate is higher.This observation also indirectly shows that socioeconomic status is related to Helicobacter pylori Infect.

It is currently recognized that oral and fecal-oral are the main routes of transmission of the disease. Helicobacter pylori (twenty).In China, sharing meals is an important dietary culture, but this can effectively increase the risk of disease Helicobacter pylori Transmission and infection (14).This study confirms this, as it was found that people who share eating utensils are more susceptible to infection Helicobacter pylori.In addition, poor hygiene habits can greatly increase the risk of infection Helicobacter pylori spread and become an important influencing factor Helicobacter pylori infection(21).Frequent hand washing before meals was identified as an independent protective factor in our study Helicobacter pylori Infect. Therefore, implementing separate meals and improving personal hygiene and health awareness may be effective public health measures to prevent disease. Helicobacter pylori Infect.

A good lifestyle appears to be effective in reducing the risk of disease Helicobacter pylori infection and the development of gastric cancer (22).We found that generally Helicobacter pylori Participants who participated in regular exercise, had regular meals, and regularly consumed fruits and vegetables had significantly lower infection rates compared to other groups without such healthy habits and were also independent protective factors. Helicobacter pylori

Infect. The possible reasons are as follows: (1) Chemical substances such as thiocyanate thiocyanate and mustard oleoresin exist in fruits and vegetables, which can effectively inhibit bacterial colonization. Helicobacter pylori Thereby reducing the inflammatory response of the gastric mucosa (23). (2) Regular exercise can enhance the body’s immunity, and regular diet can help stabilize the gastric environment, which can significantly reduce the risk of disease. Helicobacter pylori colonization.Regular betel nut consumption and alcohol consumption were associated with increased odds of diabetes in our study Helicobacter pylori Infect. The practice of washing betel nut and betel nut leaves (used in the preparation of betel nut liquid) with water may explain our findings (24).We also found that alcohol consumption is an independent risk factor Helicobacter pylori Infect. It is understood that self-brewed beer is relatively common in Hainan Province, but the production technology is crude and the relevant indicators have not been tested.Many previous studies have reported that drinking alcohol has a protective effect or is associated with Helicobacter pylori Infection, possibly due to increased gastric acid secretion after drinking alcohol, which promotes gastric emptying, as alcohol has strong and direct antibacterial activity, which may inhibit bacterial growth Helicobacter pylori in the stomach. In addition, alcohol can promote gastric emptying and reduce contact time between people. Helicobacter pylori and gastric mucosa, which in turn can weaken Helicobacter pylori infection (25, 26).In particular, red wine has been found to prevent Helicobacter pyloriInduced gastritis in a mouse model (27).Another study (28) reported that alcohol is an important risk factor Helicobacter pylori The infection occurs because alcohol can directly damage the gastric mucosa layer, thereby weakening the gastric mucosal defense barrier.Therefore, alcohol could theoretically provide a pathway Helicobacter pylori infection, and heavy drinking may predispose consumers to different social contacts that are conducive to the spread of the virus Helicobacter pylori Infect. Therefore, there is a potential relationship between drinking alcohol and drinking alcohol. Helicobacter pylori The infection still requires further longitudinal and epidemiological studies for further explanation.

Helicobacter pylori Infection is an important factor influencing the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. For example, a large cohort study found that the incidence of gastric cancer increased year by year as treatment time increased. Helicobacter pylori infection (29). In addition, the risk of gastric cancer and death after surgery are significantly reduced. Helicobacter pylori

eradicate(30). Similar to previous studies, we found that family history of gastric cancer can serve as an independent risk factor for gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori infection (31).Upper gastrointestinal symptoms identified as an important risk factor Helicobacter pylori infections in this study. However, asymptomatic infection is an important characteristic of most people. Helicobacter pylori– Infected patients who often develop severe upper gastrointestinal disease during medical visits. Therefore, people should consider upper gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, acid reflux) as early warning signs of: Helicobacter pylori infection, which is an important step in timely diagnosis and treatment Helicobacter pylori.

Strengths of this study include that it is the first large-scale epidemiological survey Helicobacter pylori Located in Hainan Province, China.In addition, the detection methods used Helicobacter pylori The accuracy and specificity for infection is very high. Of course, this study has some limitations.First, cross-sectional studies do not accurately reflect time trends Helicobacter pylori Infect. Second, outcomes and exposures were assessed simultaneously, which does not allow for the establishment of ad hoc relationships. Finally, the age of our study subjects was limited to those over 14 years old and failed to cover the entire age range in Hainan Province.

In short, it is common Helicobacter pylori The infection rate in Hainan Province is significantly lower than the overall prevalence rate in the country, and is closely related to age, local socioeconomic conditions, health conditions, and dietary habits.