The Difference Between Allergies and Sinus Infections

Fall marks the end of summer, the start of school, and often the beginning of cold and allergy season. While allergies and sinus infections have some similar symptoms, there are some key differences to understand.

Sean Johnson, MD, is a surgeon at Sanford Health ENT Clinic in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Both conditions can cause “nasal congestion, sneezing, runny nose, postnasal drip and coughing from postnasal drip,” Dr. Johnson said.

It’s more common for allergies to specifically cause symptoms outside of the nose and sinuses, he added.

“Symptoms such as itchy, watery eyes, bags under the eyes, and fatigue can sometimes lead to worsening of lung disease,” he said.

On the other hand, symptoms of bacterial sinus infections tend to focus on the nose and face.

“Facial pressure pain, discoloration of drainage, and diminished sense of smell are more common with sinus infections.

“Sometimes it’s hard to tell the difference between the two. Untreated or inadequately treated allergies can actually lead to bacterial sinus infections,” says Dr. Johnson.

Allergy Treatment vs. Infection

When it comes to allergies, Dr. Johnson says over-the-counter medications like oral antihistamines (Claritan, Zyrtec, etc.) or nasal sprays can help.

“Saline spray and saline rinses can also help clean your nose and remove allergens,” he adds.

Dr. Johnson also explains that sinus infections often start with an upper respiratory tract infection, and many over-the-counter medications used to treat allergies can provide some relief.

related: Sneezing uncontrollably?Know when to see a specialist

“Oral decongestants like pseudoephedrine and decongestant sprays like oxymetazoline can also help control symptoms. It’s important to follow package directions and limit duration and dosage to avoid side effects. Although over-the-counter medications are not suitable for everyone and may cause side effects, but caution is still recommended.

“It’s important to remember that viral sinusitis is the cause of most sinus symptoms and antibiotics will not improve the condition and will usually get better over time,” he says.

When to see a specialist

If you have long-term (more than six to eight weeks) sinus or nasal symptoms, or if you have recurring sinus problems (three to four times a year), you need to see an otolaryngology (ear, nose, and throat) specialist. Experts like Dr. Johnson can help you understand why you are experiencing these symptoms and what you can do to resolve them.

Recurrent and chronic sinus problems are rarely life-threatening. However, chronic and recurrent sinusitis can have a significant impact on quality of life.

“Fortunately, there are many treatment options that can be very successful in helping patients,” Dr. Johnson said.

Find an otolaryngologist near you.

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Posted in Back to School, ENT, Healthy Living, Sioux Falls