The National Agri-Food Health, Safety and Quality Service (Senasica) reports that according to the World Health Organization Information System (WAHIS) of the World Organization for Animal Health (WHO), From January 1 to December 31, 2023, 5,966 outbreaks were recorded Caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI); 1,980 in poultry and 3,986 in wild birds and other species, distributed in 77 countries, so last year was a very important challenge for the poultry industry.
By continent, South Africa has the highest proportion of outbreaks in Africa; in the United States, 21%; Japan, 43% in Asia, and 54% in other European countries.
Likewise, Senasica explains that sometimes viruses break species barriers; Severely affects susceptible mammals. Some examples are reports from different provinces of Poland From June 19, 2023 about Infections in cats Initially caused by an unknown cause, or in early October, Unusual mortality rate on US mink farms City Hall in Carral, Galicia, Spain. Cases have also been reported in domestic cats in the United States, fur seals in Argentina, red foxes in Sweden and Ireland, and subantarctic skuas on Bird Island.
Records only from 2023 46 cases of domestic cats positive for H5N1 virus28 of them in Poland, 9 in South Korea, 5 in the United States, 3 in Canada, 1 in Italy, while among the records of dogs with this disease Only 2 cases1 in Italy and 1 in Canada.
national situation
From October 2023 to February 16, 2024, 17 cases of birds affected An outbreak of the H5N1 avian influenza virus in Mexico “included 10 wild birds, 1 in a collection center, 4 in backyards, and only 2 commercial poultry production units were affected.”
Senasica said that, as predicted, “due to the migration of waterbirds that pass through our territory year after year, as well as reports coming north from neighboring countries, First identification of HPAI H5 virus occurs The occurrence of these two cases of commercial birds in Tototlán, Jalisco, and Cayemé, Sonora, during the fall and winter of early October 2023, once again puts our official veterinary services and national poultry farming on alert state. “.
Derived from epidemiological surveillance of wild birds, In early October 2023, migratory birds were detected positive for the H5N1 AI virus. That’s a green-winged teal (krikka duck), located in the waters of the municipality of Tototlán, Jalisco.
Later, on November 9, 2023, as a result of an official active surveillance operation that began on October 20, “One case of non-type H5 HPAI confirmed Using RT-PCR technology, in a young male duck (Pointed Duck), Estero de Becerra Dam in Tototlán, Jalisco. Among the 7 poultry farms around the dam, 5 people are in danger due to close proximity (approximately 3 kilometers); however, there have been no cases reported in the surrounding commercial farms to date. ”
On October 23, 2023, the National Commission for Natural Protected Areas (Conanp) “Mortality of wild birds reported on Isla Loboslocated on the Gulf of Mexico, 14 kilometers from Veracruz, About 90 different species of birds are affected“.
From October 26 to 28, the Senasica official laboratory in Hermosillo, Sonora also Presence of HPAI H5N1 confirmed in two commercial poultry production unitsLocated in the city of Cayemé, Sonora, the populations are 90,000 and 54,000 birds respectively. “Due to the state’s control of highly pathogenic avian influenza, the quarantine was lifted on November 22 based on the situation diagnosis results and the observed epidemiological silence of 25 days (equivalent to more than three incubation periods of the virus)”.
On October 26, I received another notice Atypical mortality rate within unit Rural production in San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato. “This area is about 40 hectares in size and has a body of water that is home to some migratory waterbirds. There are about 200 birds of different species and ages in this unit, including turkeys, roosters, ducks, geese and peacocks.”
Likewise, on October 27, 2023, in Celaya, Guanajuato, a notification was received from a laboratory authorized to diagnose artificial intelligence in the state of Querétaro, “ Report positive test result for avian influenza. The discovery resulted from an active surveillance operation carried out by the entity OASA. “These samples correspond to fattened birds from the collection center in Zelaya, Guanajuato; these birds come from the state of Jalisco, according to the Certificate of Animal Health Mobilization (CZM).
And, on October 29, 2023, “staff of the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (Profepa) reported to the CPA Seabird mortality is high Brandt’s cormorant species (Hairy Cormorant) Conalup Beach in Ensenada, Baja California. ” Officials, together with personnel from the Federal Sea and Land Zone (Zofemat), collected samples of the birds and sent them to Senari. On November 1, the positive result for untyped HPAI H5 by RT-PCR was confirmed.
emergency vaccine
After conducting epidemiological analysis and evaluation of existing vaccines, the General Directorate of Animal Health “Authorized strategic vaccination Only in states classified as high risk HPAI H5 infection and preferentially apply it to long-lived birds, mainly breeding and parent birds. “These entities are Sonora, Zacatecas, Jalisco, Colima, Yucatán and Campeche.
The laboratories authorized to manufacture and market this biologic are Avimex, Avilab, and Boehringer Ingelheim; although Jalisco is the state with the most authorized doses As of February 19, 2024, the number was 34,291,000.
